Connectivity using a geographic phone number

ABSTRACT

Techniques for connectivity using a geographic phone number are described. According to various implementations, techniques described herein enable various policies pertaining to the use of telephone numbers at different locations to be enforced. For instance, techniques described herein enable a client device that is outside of a permitted geographic area for a geographic phone number to use a non-geographic phone number to connect a call, while the call can be routed using the geographic phone number.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of, and claims priority to, U.S.application Ser. No. 16/181,243, filed Nov. 5, 2018, and entitled“Connectivity Using a Geographic Phone Number,” which is a continuationof U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/630,247, filed Jun. 22, 2017, andentitled “CONNECTIVITY USING A GEOGRAPHIC NUMBER.” The contents of theseprior applications are considered part of this application, and arehereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

Today's mobile devices provide users with a tremendous amount ofportable functionality. For instance, smartphones, tablets, laptops, andso on, enable users to perform a variety of different tasks withoutbeing tied to a particular location. The ability to engage in varioustypes of communication in a mobile scenario is particularly useful. Amobile device, for example, typically includes functionality forengaging in different types of communication with other devices and/orservices, such as voice calls, video calls, messaging, and so forth.Thus, a user may leverage a mobile device to communicate with otherusers via a variety of different communication modalities.

While mobile devices enable communication in diverse scenarios, thereare challenges to consistently enabling a user to communicate via aparticular device when the user moves between geographic locations.

SUMMARY

This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in asimplified form that are further described below in the DetailedDescription. This Summary is not intended to identify key features oressential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended tobe used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subjectmatter.

One embodiment disclosed is a system to establish a call between a firstdevice and a second device using two networks. The system includes afirst network configured to communicate via a non-geographic identifierof the first device and a second network configured to communicate via ageographic identifier of the first device. The second network includes aswitch configured to perform operations. The operations includereceiving a request to connect the call from the first device to thesecond device using the non-geographic identifier, searching a datastore to identify a mapping for the non-geographic identifier,identifying the geographic identifier of the first device based on theidentified mapping, and establishing the call between the first andsecond devices using the identified geographic identifier.

In some embodiments of the system, the non-geographic identifier is anon-geographic phone number. In some embodiments of the system, thesecond network is a public switched telephone network (PSTN).

In some embodiments of the system, the establishing of the call includescausing the PSTN to dial the geographic number at the PSTN.

In some embodiments of the system, the non-geographic identifier of thefirst device is an Internet Protocol (IP) address.

In some embodiments of the system, the first network is configured todetermine a location of a first device, determine the geographicidentifier is not compatible with the determined location, and thecommunication via the non-geographic identifier of the first device isin response to the determination.

In some embodiments of the system, the first network is furtherconfigured to route call data from the second device to the first devicevia the non-geographic identifier.

Another embodiment disclosed is a method to establish a call between afirst device and a second device using two networks. The method includescommunicating call data for the call over a first network via anon-geographic identifier of the first device, receiving, by a secondnetwork, a request to connect the call from the first device to thesecond device using the non-geographic identifier, searching, by thesecond network, a data store to identify a mapping for thenon-geographic identifier, identifying, by the second network, thegeographic identifier of the first device based on the identifiedmapping, and establishing, by the second network, the call between thefirst and second devices using the identified geographic identifier.

In some embodiments of the method, the non-geographic identifier is anon-geographic phone number.

In some embodiments, the second network is a public switched telephonenetwork (PSTN). In some embodiments of the method, the establishing ofthe call includes causing the PSTN to dial the geographic number at thePSTN. In some embodiments of the method, the non-geographic identifierof the first device is an Internet Protocol (IP) address. In someembodiments of the method, the first network is configured to determinea location of a first device, determine the geographic identifier is notcompatible with the determined location. In these embodiments, thecommunication via the non-geographic identifier of the first device isin response to the determination.

In some embodiments of the method, the first network is furtherconfigured to route call data from the second device to the first devicevia the non-geographic identifier.

Another embodiment disclosed is a non-transitory computer readablestorage medium storing instructions that when executed configurehardware processing circuitry to perform operations to establish a callbetween a first device and a second device using two networks. Theoperations include communicating call data for the call over a firstnetwork via a non-geographic identifier of the first device, receiving,by a second network, a request to connect the call from the first deviceto the second device using the non-geographic identifier, searching, bythe second network, a data store to identify a mapping for thenon-geographic identifier, identifying, by the second network, thegeographic identifier of the first device based on the identifiedmapping, and establishing, by the second network, the call between thefirst and second devices using the identified geographic identifier.

In some embodiments of the non-transitory computer readable storagemedium, the non-geographic identifier is a non-geographic phone number.In some embodiments of the non-transitory computer readable storagemedium, the second network is a public switched telephone network(PSTN).

In some embodiments of the non-transitory computer readable storagemedium, the establishing of the call includes causing the PSTN to dialthe geographic number at the PSTN.

In some embodiments of the non-transitory computer readable storagemedium, the non-geographic identifier of the first device is an InternetProtocol (IP) address. In some embodiments of the non-transitorycomputer readable storage medium, the first network is configured todetermine a location of a first device, determine the geographicidentifier is not compatible with the determined location, and whereinthe communication via the non-geographic identifier of the first deviceis in response to the determination.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The detailed description is described with reference to the accompanyingfigures. In the figures, the left-most digit(s) of a reference numberidentifies the figure in which the reference number first appears. Theuse of the same reference numbers in different instances in thedescription and the figures may indicate similar or identical items.

FIG. 1 is an illustration of an environment in an example implementationthat is operable to employ techniques discussed herein.

FIG. 2 depicts an example implementation scenario for connecting a callbetween a client device and a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)device in accordance with one or more implementations.

FIG. 3 depicts an example implementation scenario for connecting a callbetween a client device and a PSTN device in accordance with one or moreimplementations.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram that describes steps in a method for connectingat least a portion of a call using a geographic number in accordancewith one or more implementations.

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram that describes steps in a method for connectinga call using non-geographic number and a geographic number in accordancewith one or more implementations.

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram that describes steps in a method for connectinga call from a PSTN device using a geographic number and a non-geographicnumber in accordance with one or more implementations.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram that describes steps in a method for obtaininginformation pertaining to a connecting a call in accordance with one ormore implementations

FIG. 8 illustrates an example system and computing device as describedwith reference to FIG. 1, which are configured to implementimplementations of techniques described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Techniques for connectivity using a geographic phone number aredescribed. Generally, a phone number refers to a set of characters thatcan be used to initiate communication with a particular resource.According to various implementations, techniques described herein enablevarious policies pertaining to the use of telephone numbers at differentlocations to be enforced. For instance, a particular regulatory policymay specify that particular geographically-specific phone numbers (e.g.,numbers with a particular area code) are not permitted to be usedoutside of a defined geographical area. Thus, techniques forconnectivity using a geographic phone number enable a client device thatis outside of a permitted geographic area for a geographic phone numberto use a non-geographic phone number to connect a call, while the callcan be routed using the geographic phone number.

The use of the term “telephone number” herein is not to be construed aslimiting, and it is to be appreciated that “telephone number” may referto any string of characters, numeric and/or textual, that may beutilized to engage in the exchange of communication media across anetwork and between different devices. In at least some implementations,a telephone number represents a number that can be used to route a callbetween an Internet Protocol (IP) network, and a Public SwitchedTelephone Network (“PSTN”).

In the following discussion, an example environment is first describedthat is operable to employ techniques described herein. Next, someexample scenarios are described for connectivity using a geographicphone number in accordance with one or more implementations. Followingthis, some example procedures are described in accordance with one ormore implementations. Finally, an example system and device aredescribed that are operable to employ techniques discussed herein inaccordance with one or more implementations.

Having presented an overview of example implementations in accordancewith one or more implementations, consider now an example environment inwhich example implementations may by employed.

FIG. 1 is an illustration of an environment 100 in an exampleimplementation that is operable to employ techniques for connectivityusing a geographic phone number described herein. The environment 100includes a service network 102 hosted and/or managed by a communicationservice 104. Generally, the service network 102 is representative ofwireless and/or wired connectivity that enables different forms ofcommunication. The service network 102, for instance, represents acombination of interconnected wireless and wired networks that enablecommunication at various geographic locations and via a variety ofdifferent communication modalities.

The communication service 104 is representative of a service thatperforms various tasks for management of communication between differentendpoint devices. The communication service 104, for instance, canmanage initiation, moderation, and termination of communicationsessions. Examples of the communication service 104 include a Voice overInternet Protocol (VoIP) service, an online conferencing service, aunified communications and collaboration (UC&C) service, and so forth.

The service network 102 is communicably connected to a Public SwitchedTelephone Network (“PSTN”) 106 to enable communication between a clientdevice 108 and other devices and/or services, such as a PSTN device 110.The client device 108 is representative of an end-user device configuredto communicate via the service network 102. The client device 108 may beconfigured in a variety of ways, such as a wireless cellular phone(e.g., a smartphone), a tablet, a laptop, and so forth. One exampleimplementation of the client device 108 is presented below as thecomputing device 802 of FIG. 8.

The PSTN device 110 is generally representative of a telephony-enableddevice that is connected, directly or indirectly, to the PSTN network106. The environment 100 further includes a PSTN manager 112, whichrepresents infrastructure (e.g., hardware and logic) that enablesimplementation and operation of the PSTN network 106. The PSTN manager112 includes a PSTN switch 114, which is representative of functionalityfor processing calls that traverse the PSTN network 106. Furtherfunctionality of the PSTN switch 114 is discussed below.

The client device 108 includes a communication client 116, which isrepresentative of functionality to enable different forms ofcommunication via the client device 108. Examples of the communicationclient 116 include a VoIP client, a video communication application, amessaging application, a content sharing application, and combinationsthereof. The communication client 116, for instance, enables differentcommunication modalities to be combined to provide diverse communicationscenarios. In at least some implementations, the communication client116 represents an application that is installed on the client device108. Additionally or alternatively, the communication client 116 can beimplemented all or in part as a remote application, such as accessed viaa web browser, a web application, and so forth. According to variousimplementations, the communication client 116 is configured to enablevarious types of communication via interaction with the communicationservice 104.

The communication client 116 is associated with a user profile 118,which represents a way of authenticating a particular user with thecommunication client 116 and the communication service 104, and fortracking user-specific authentication information (e.g., username,password, and so forth), user settings, contacts, and other data for theuser. In at least some implementations, the user profile 118 is portablesuch that the user can authenticate with a different instance of thecommunication client 116, and make calls via the different instance ofthe communication client 116 that are identified as being connected withthe user profile 118. The user profile 118 is associated with a useridentifier (ID) 120, which is representative of a way of identifying auser of the client device 108 to the communication service 104. In atleast some implementations, the service ID 120 is used to initiatecommunication from the client device 108 via the communication service104 and over the service network 102.

The client device 108 further includes a communication module 122 and alocation module 124. The communication module 122 is representative offunctionality for enabling the client device 108 to communicate data viawired and/or wireless connectivity to the service network 102. Thelocation module 124 is representative of functionality receiving,transmitting, and/or processing location information. The locationmodule 124, for instance, supports transmission, reception, andprocessing of position information according to a variety of differenttechnologies, such as Global Positioning System (GPS), cellularcommunication, WiFi™, satellite communication, radio frequency (RF)communication, subnet information, Ethernet switch and/or port data,Internet Protocol (IP) address information, and so forth.

According to various implementations, the location module 124 cancommunicate with a position information system 126 to obtain positioninformation for the client device 108. The position information system126 is representative of various types of position information systemsthat can transmit and/or receive position information. Examples of theposition information system 126 include GPS satellites, cellulartelephone networks, wireless data (e.g., WiFi™) networks, locationinformation services (LIS), radio frequency identifier (RFID)functionality, subnets of wired networks, Ethernet switches and/orports, and so forth.

According to various implementations, position information can becommunicated between the location module 124 and the positioninformation system 126 to enable a location of the client device 108 tobe determined. Examples of position information include GPS coordinates,street addresses, network location, location with reference to celltowers and/or cellular base stations, and so forth. Generally,techniques described herein can determine how to process calls to andfrom the client device 108 based on a particular location of the clientdevice 108.

The environment 100 further includes a telephone number manager (“numbermanager”) 128, which is representative of functionality for performingvarious aspects of techniques for connectivity using a geographic phonenumber discussed herein. For instance, the number manager 128 candetermine a particular telephone number that is to be used for makingand/or receiving phone calls for the client device 108 at a particularlocation.

Generally, the number manager 128 represents a remote service that isremote from the client device 108 and that can provide servicespertaining to connectivity using a geographic phone number. The numbermanager 128 includes call policies 130 and a telephone number database(“number DB”) 132. The call policies 130 represent different policiesthat can be applied to determine which telephone number is to be usedfor a particular device at a particular location, such as for making anoutgoing call and/or receiving an incoming call.

The number DB 132 represents a database that stores different telephonenumbers allocated to different devices, such as the client device 108.For instance, the number DB 132 stores telephone numbers that are to beused at different geographic locations. The number DB 132 includes anumber profile 134 for the client device 108. The number profile 134generally includes different telephone numbers that are specific to theclient device 108 and that can be used for making outgoing calls and/orreceiving incoming calls for the client device 108. In this particularexample, the number profile 134 includes a geographic phone number(“geographic number”) 136 and a non-geographic phone number(“non-geographic number”) 138. Generally, the geographic number 136represents a telephone number that is associated with a particulargeographic usage constraint. The geographic number 136, for instance, isonly permitted to be used in a particular geographic region. Thenon-geographic number 138, however, represents a telephone number thatdoes not have a geographic usage constraint. For example, thenon-geographic number 138 may be utilized across a variety of differentgeographic regions.

According to various implementations, based on a current location of theclient device 108, the number manager 128 can apply a call policy 130based on the location to identify which of the geographic number 136 orthe non-geographic number 138 from the number profile 134 to be used bythe client device 108 for making a call. As used herein, “making a call”can refer to dialing out from the client device 108 and/or receiving acall at the client device 108 dialed from a different device.

In addition or alternative to the number DB 132 maintained by the numbermanager 128, the PSTN manager 112 may maintain a local PSTN database(DB) 140, which is representative of a local DB that the number manager128 may utilize to perform various aspects of connectivity using ageographic phone number described herein. Generally, the PSTN DB 140 maybe populated with information from the number DB 132. For instance, thenumber manager 128 can push information from the number DB 132 out tovarious entities, including the PSTN manager 112.

In at least some implementations, the number manager 128 can beimplemented and/or managed by an entity such as by the communicationservice 104, the PSTN manager 112, a data network (e.g., wired and/orwireless), and so forth. Alternatively or additionally, the numbermanager 128 can be implemented as a standalone service for generating,managing, and/or communicating telephone number policies, telephonenumbers, and so forth.

According to one or more implementations, instances of the call policies130 can be configured based on information provided by and/orinteraction with regulatory services 142. The regulatory services 142,for instance, represent government agencies that generate and applyregulatory policies 144. In at least some implementations, theregulatory services 142 include government agencies that regulatevarious aspects of communication in different geographical locations.Example functions of the regulatory services 142 include management oftelephone numbering plans (including allocation and management of areacodes, dialing codes, and so forth), management of wired and/or wirelesscommunication resources, allocation of wireless bandwidth, and so on. Asused herein, the term “area code” generally refers to a fixed-length orvariable-length set of digits that are used to route calls tocommunications systems in specific geographic and/or politicallocations. Examples of an area code include a fixed-length 3 digit codesuch as used in the United States, Canada, a variable length code suchas used in Germany and Japan, and so forth. Generally, an area code isnot specific to a particular subscriber, but is used to route a call toa general region and may be associated with various geographical userestrictions, such as based on the regulatory policies 144.

The regulatory policies 144 are representative of policies that allocatecommunication resources for different purposes, and that specify variousallowed and disallowed communication-related behaviors. In at least someimplementations, the regulatory policies 144 define different geographicregions for different telephone numbers, such as area codes that are tobe used for specific geographic locations. Further, the regulatorypolicies 144 may specify that telephone numbers with certain area codesmay not be used outside of respective defined locations, such as definedby political boundaries, geographic coordinates, and so forth.

As mentioned above, instances of the call policies 130 can be configuredbased on interaction with the regulatory services 142. For instance, aparticular regulatory policy 144 may specify that a certain area code isnot permitted to be used outside of a geographical region defined forthe area code. Thus, the number manager 128 can configure a particularcall policy 130 to reflect that a telephone number with the area code isnot to be used outside of the geographical region. The particularregulatory policy 144, for example, may specify that the geographicnumber 136 may not be utilized for making a call outside of a designatedgeographic region, such as defined by discrete geographic boundaries.Thus, as further described below, different phone numbers identified inthe number profile 134 can be selected from completing calls for theclient device 108 and based on the call policies 130.

Having described an example environment in which the techniquesdescribed herein may operate, consider now some example implementationscenarios for connectivity using a geographic phone number in accordancewith one or more implementations.

FIG. 2 depicts an example implementation scenario 200 for connecting acall between a client device and a PSTN device in accordance with one ormore implementations.

In the scenario 200, a call event 202 occurs which causes the clientdevice 108 to initiate a call to the PSTN device 110. A user of theclient device 108, for instance, dials a telephone number of the PSTNdevice 110. Based on the call event 202, the communication client 116transmits a call request 204 to the communication service 104.Generally, the call request 204 indicates a request to connect a callbetween the client device 108 and the PSTN device 110, and includesvarious information such as the service ID 120, a telephone number forthe PSTN device 110, and location information for the client device 108.The client device 108, for instance, determines its location viainteraction with the position information system 126, and includes itslocation with the call request 204. In at least one implementation, thecall request is an IP-based request that includes data packets with thevarious information pertaining to the call request 204.

The communication service 104 receives the call request 204 anddetermines based on the location information that the client device 108is outside of a permitted geographical region for the geographic number136. The communication service 104, for example, communicates a query206 to the number manager 128, and the query 206 includes informationsuch as the service ID 120 and the location of the client device 108.The number manager 128 performs a lookup in the number DB 132 andlocates the number profile 134 for the client device 108. By comparingthe location of the client device 108 and the geographic number 136 to aparticular call policy 130, the number manager 128 determines that theclient device 108 is currently located outside of a geographic region inwhich the geographic number 136 is permitted to be used. Accordingly,the number manager 128 returns a query response 208 to the communicationservice 104 that indicates that the client device 108 is outside of thepermitted geographical region for the geographic number 136.

Accordingly, the communication service 104 initiates a connect request210 to the PSTN manager 112 using the non-geographic number 138. Asreferenced above, the non-geographic number 138 is not associated with ageographic usage constraint, and thus may be used to make calls in avariety of different locations. In at least one implementation, theconnect request 210 includes the non-geographic number 138 and thegeographic number 136, and may optionally include the service ID 120.Alternatively or additionally, the PSTN manager 112 can perform a lookupin the PSTN DB 140 and/or a query to the number manager 128 to match thenon-geographic number 138 to the geographic number 136. For instance,the PSTN manager 112 can query the number manager 128 and/or the PSTN DB140 with the non-geographic number 138 to ascertain that the clientdevice 108 has the number profile 134 associated with the communicationservice 104, and that the number profile 134 has the geographic number136 to be used for connecting calls for the client device 108.

In at least one implementation, the PSTN switch 114 is in a geographiclocation in which the geographic number 136 is permitted to be used.Thus, the PSTN switch 114 communicates a call request 212 to the PSTNdevice 110 using the geographic number 136. The PSTN device 110 acceptsthe call request 212, and a communication session 214 is establishedbetween the client device 108 and the PSTN device 110. Generally, and asdetailed below, a portion of the communication session 214 between theclient device 108 and the communication service 104 is routed using IPcommunication, a portion of the communication session 214 between thecommunication service 104 and the PSTN switch 114 is routed using thenon-geographic number 138, and a portion of the communication session214 between the PSTN switch 114 and the PSTN device is routed using thegeographic number 136. Accordingly, the PSTN device 110 identifies thecommunication session 214 as originating from the geographic number 136.

Generally, a call originating from the PSTN device 110 to the clientdevice 108 would be handled in a similar way. For instance, the PSTNdevice 110 would dial the geographic number 136. The PSTN switch 114would determine that the geographic number 136 is mapped to the userprofile 118 and that the client device 108 is currently outside of thegeographic area for the geographic number 136. The PSTN manager 112, forinstance, can query the PSTN DB 140 and/or the number manager 128 withthe geographic number 136. A response to the query can indicate that theclient device 108 is currently outside the permitted geographic area forthe geographic number 136, and that the client device 108 has thenon-geographic number 138 which can be used for completing the call.Thus, the PSTN switch 114 could then route a call request to thenon-geographic number 138 such that a communication session could beestablished between the PSTN device 110 and the client device 108.

In at least one implementation, the PSTN switch 114 can receive the callrequest from the PSTN device 110, can determine that the geographicnumber 136 is associated with a profile for the communication service104 (e.g., via a query of the PSTN DB 140), and can notify thecommunication service 104 of the call request. The communication service104 can then determine that the client device 108 is currently locatedoutside of the permitted geographic area for the geographic number 136(e.g., via a query to the client device 108), and can instruct the PSTNmanager 112 to complete the call to the communication service 104 viathe non-geographic number 138. The PSTN switch 114 then dials thenon-geographic number 138 which connects the call to the communicationservice 104, which then completes the call via an IP-based call requestto the communication client 116 of the client device 108.

Accordingly, techniques described herein enable a call to be connectedfor the client device 108 at least partially using the geographic number136, even when the client device 108 is outside of a geographic area towhich use of the geographic number 136 is constrained. Thus, the PSTNdevice 110 receives the communication session 214 as occurring with thegeographic number 136. A called identifier (CID) received at the PSTNdevice 110, for instance, identifies incoming call media of thecommunication session 214 as originating from the geographic number 136,and not the non-geographic number 138.

In a different example scenario, consider that the client device 108 islocated in a geographic region in which the geographic number 136 ispermitted to be used. A particular call policy 130, for example,indicates that the geographic number 136 is permitted to be used by theclient device 108 for placing a call at a current location of the clientdevice 108. For instance, the communication service 104 determines thata current location of the client device 108 is a permitted location forusing the geographic number 136, such as via the query 206 to the numbermanager 128. Accordingly, the communication service 104 can dial a callto the PSTN manager 112 using the geographic number 136, and the PSTNswitch 114 can complete the call to the PSTN device 110 using thegeographic number 136 to connect the communication session 214 betweenthe PSTN device 110 and the client device 108.

FIG. 3 depicts an example implementation scenario 300 for connecting acall between a client device and a PSTN device in accordance with one ormore implementations. The scenario 300, for instance, represents a dataflow for the communication session 214 discussed above.

The scenario 300 includes session portion 302 a, a session portion 302b, and a session portion 302 c. Generally, the session portions 302a-302 c represent different data flows that combine to communicate mediaof the communication session 214 described above. For instance, thesession portions 302 a-302 c represent bi-directional communication ofcall media between the client device 108 and the PSTN device 110.

The session portion 302 a represents a connection between the clientdevice 108 and the communication service 104. In at least oneimplementation, the session portion 302 a represents an IP-basedcommunication that includes data packets populated with call media andmay include other types of data, such as call control information. In anincoming direction, for instance, the communication service 104 forwardscall media received from the PSTN device to the client device via an IPcommunication.

Further, the session portion 302 b represents an IP-based communication(e.g., a VoIP communication) between the communication service 104 andthe PSTN switch 114. Finally, the session portion 302 c represents aPSTN communication between the PSTN switch 114 and the PSTN device 110.

In an implementation where the client device 108 is located outside of ageographic region in which the geographic number 136 is permitted to beused, the session portion 302 b is addressed using the non-geographicnumber 138 while the session portion 302 c is addressed (e.g., dialed)using the geographic number 136. However, in an implementation where theclient device 108 is located in a geographic location where thegeographic number 136 is permitted to be used, both of the sessionportions 302 b, 302 c are addressed using the geographic number 136.

Accordingly, techniques described herein enable location information fora communication endpoint (e.g., the client device 108) to be used todetermine whether a geographic number or a non-geographic number is tobe used to connect a call to the communication endpoint. Further, when aportion of a call is connected from an endpoint device using anon-geographic number, the call can be completed to a called deviceusing a geographic number such that the call appears to originate fromthe geographic number.

Having discussed some example implementation scenarios, consider now adiscussion of some example procedures in accordance with one or moreimplementations.

The following discussion describes some example procedures forconnectivity using a geographic phone number in accordance with one ormore implementations. The example procedures may be employed in theenvironment 100 of FIG. 1, the system 800 of FIG. 8, and/or any othersuitable environment. The procedures, for instance, represent exampleways of performing various aspects of the scenarios described above. Inat least some implementations, the steps described for the variousprocedures can be implemented automatically and independent of userinteraction. Further, various steps of the procedures may be performedat the client device 108, at the communication service 104, at thenumber manager 128, at the PSTN manager 112, and/or via interactionbetween these entities.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram that describes steps in a method in accordancewith one or more implementations. The method, for instance, describes anexample way of connecting at least a portion of a call using ageographic number.

Step 400 receives a request to connect a call from a client device to aPSTN device. For instance, the communication service 104 receives a callrequest from the client device 108 to call the PSTN device 110. In atleast one implementation, the request is received as an IP-basedcommunication from the client device 108.

Step 402 determines whether a current location of the client device is apermitted location for using a geographic number assigned to the clientdevice. The communication service 104, for example, ascertains whetherthe client device 108 is located at a geographic location in which thegeographic number 136 is permitted to be used. In at least oneimplementation, the communication service 104 can query the numbermanager 128 for this information. The number manager 128, for example,ascertains that the client device 108 is associated with the numberprofile 134, and thus the geographic number 136. The number manager 128can then determine whether the geographic number 136 is permitted to beused at the current location of the client device 108, such as based ona call policy 130 that applies to the geographic number 136.

If the current location of the client device 108 is a permitted locationfor using the geographic number 136 (“Yes”), step 404 causes the call tobe connected between the PSTN device and the client device using thegeographic number. The communication service 104, for example, dials atelephone number of the PSTN device 110 using geographic number 136,which connects the client device 108 to the PSTN switch 114. The PSTNswitch 114 then completes the call to the PSTN device 110 using thegeographic number 136 as a calling device number for the call.

If the current location of the client device 108 is not a permittedlocation for using the geographic number 136 (“No”), step 406 causes thecall to be connected between the PSTN device and the client device usingan alternate number and the geographic number. In at least oneimplementation, the alternate number is a non-geographic number. Thecommunication service 104, for example, dials the telephone number ofthe PSTN device 110 using the non-geographic number 138. This connectsthe call to the PSTN switch 114, which then completes the call to thePSTN device using the geographic number 136. Thus, call media of thecall can be routed using both the non-geographic number 138 for aconnection between the client device 108 and the PSTN switch 114, andthe geographic number 136 for a connection between the PSTN switch 114and the PSTN device 110. Generally, this causes the PSTN device 110 toreceive incoming call media as originating from the geographic number136.

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram that describes steps in a method in accordancewith one or more implementations. The method, for instance, describes anexample way of connecting a call using non-geographic number and ageographic number.

Step 500 receives a call request from a non-geographic number to connecta client device to a PSTN device. The PSTN manager 112, for example,receives a call request from the communication service 104 dialed usingthe non-geographic number 138. Generally, the call request includes atelephone number for the PSTN device 110.

Step 502 maps the non-geographic number to a geographic numberassociated with the client device. For instance, the PSTN manager 112queries the PSTN DB 140 and/or the number manager 128 with thenon-geographic number 138. A response to the query indicates that thenon-geographic number 138 is associated with a subscriber to thecommunication service 104 who has the geographic number 136.

Step 504 connects the call to the PSTN device as originating from thegeographic number. The PSTN switch 114, for example, dials a telephonenumber of the PSTN device using the geographic number 136 as the callingphone number. Thus, the call is connected using the geographic number136 between the PSTN switch 114 and the PSTN device 110, and thenon-geographic number 138 between the PSTN switch and the client device108.

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram that describes steps in a method in accordancewith one or more implementations. The method, for instance, describes anexample way of connecting a call from a PSTN device using a geographicnumber and a non-geographic number.

Step 600 receives a call request from a PSTN device to connect a call toa device with a geographic phone number. The PSTN manager 112, forinstance, receives a call request from the PSTN device 110 requesting tobe connected to the geographic number 136.

Step 602 maps the geographic phone number to a user account thatincludes the geographic phone number and a non-geographic phone number.For example, the PSTN manager 112 queries the PSTN DB 140 and/or thenumber manager 128 to ascertain whether the geographic number 136 isassociated with a user profile for the communication service 104. ThePSTN manager 112 receives a query response indicating that thegeographic number is associated with the user profile 118 for thecommunication service 104.

Step 604 ascertains that a client device for the user account is locatedin a geographic location in which the geographic phone number is notpermitted to be used. For example, the query response mentioned aboveindicates that the client device 108 is currently located in ageographic location in which the geographic number 136 is not permittedto be used for call routing.

Step 606 connects the call to the client device using the non-geographicnumber and to the PSTN device using the geographic number. The PSTNswitch 114, for instance, connects the call to the communication service104 using the non-geographic number 138, while the call is connected tothe PSTN device using the geographic number 136 as a routing number forcall media from the client device 108. Thus, the call appears to thePSTN device 110 to be routed from the geographic number 136.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram that describes steps in a method in accordancewith one or more implementations. The method, for instance, describes anexample way for obtaining information pertaining to a connecting a call.

Step 700 communicates a query for information pertaining to connecting acall between a client device and a PSTN device. The communicationservice 104 and/or the PSTN manager 112, for instance, queries thenumber manager 128 for information pertaining to connecting a call. Thequery may request various information, such as a location of the clientdevice 108, whether the client device 108 is located in a geographicregion in which the geographic number 136 is permitted to be used, ageographic phone number and/or a non-geographic phone number for theclient device 108, and so forth.

Step 702 receives a response that includes the information. For example,the communication service 104 and/or the PSTN manager 112 receive aresponse from the number manager 128 that includes the requestedinformation. Thus, a call connection process can proceed based on therequested information, such as described above.

Thus, techniques for connectivity using a geographic phone numberdescribed herein enable devices to roam between different locations andengage in telephonic communication at the locations, which maintainingcompliance with various policies that govern telephony at the differentlocations. Further, when a device that owns a geographic phone number isoutside of a geographic location in which the geographic phone number ispermitted to be used, techniques described herein enable both anon-geographic phone number and the geographic phone number to be usedfor call routing such that compliance with call policy for thegeographic phone number is maintained, while another device involved inthe call receives call media routed using the geographic phone number.

Having discussed some example procedures, consider now a discussion ofan example system and device in accordance with one or moreimplementations.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example system generally at 800 that includes anexample computing device 802 that is representative of one or morecomputing systems and/or devices that may implement various techniquesdescribed herein. For example, the client device 108, the communicationservice 104, and/or the PSTN manager 112 discussed above with referenceto FIG. 1 can be embodied as the computing device 802. The computingdevice 802 may be, for example, a server of a service provider, a deviceassociated with the client (e.g., a client device), an on-chip system,and/or any other suitable computing device or computing system.

The example computing device 802 as illustrated includes a processingsystem 804, one or more computer-readable media 806, and one or moreInput/Output (I/O) Interfaces 808 that are communicatively coupled, oneto another. Although not shown, the computing device 802 may furtherinclude a system bus or other data and command transfer system thatcouples the various components, one to another. A system bus can includeany one or combination of different bus structures, such as a memory busor memory controller, a peripheral bus, a universal serial bus, and/or aprocessor or local bus that utilizes any of a variety of busarchitectures. A variety of other examples are also contemplated, suchas control and data lines.

The processing system 804 is representative of functionality to performone or more operations using hardware. Accordingly, the processingsystem 804 is illustrated as including hardware element 810 that may beconfigured as processors, functional blocks, and so forth. This mayinclude implementation in hardware as an application specific integratedcircuit or other logic device formed using one or more semiconductors.The hardware elements 810 are not limited by the materials from whichthey are formed or the processing mechanisms employed therein. Forexample, processors may be comprised of semiconductor(s) and/ortransistors (e.g., electronic integrated circuits (ICs)). In such acontext, processor-executable instructions may beelectronically-executable instructions.

The computer-readable media 806 is illustrated as includingmemory/storage 812. The memory/storage 812 represents memory/storagecapacity associated with one or more computer-readable media. Thememory/storage 812 may include volatile media (such as random accessmemory (RAM)) and/or nonvolatile media (such as read only memory (ROM),Flash memory, optical disks, magnetic disks, and so forth). Thememory/storage 812 may include fixed media (e.g., RAM, ROM, a fixed harddrive, and so on) as well as removable media (e.g., Flash memory, aremovable hard drive, an optical disc, and so forth). Thecomputer-readable media 806 may be configured in a variety of other waysas further described below.

Input/output interface(s) 808 are representative of functionality toallow a user to enter commands and information to computing device 802,and also allow information to be presented to the user and/or othercomponents or devices using various input/output devices. Examples ofinput devices include a keyboard, a cursor control device (e.g., amouse), a microphone (e.g., for voice recognition and/or spoken input),a scanner, touch functionality (e.g., capacitive or other sensors thatare configured to detect physical touch), a camera (e.g., which mayemploy visible or non-visible wavelengths such as infrared frequenciesto detect movement that does not involve touch as gestures), and soforth. Examples of output devices include a display device (e.g., amonitor or projector), speakers, a printer, a network card,tactile-response device, and so forth. Thus, the computing device 802may be configured in a variety of ways as further described below tosupport user interaction.

Various techniques may be described herein in the general context ofsoftware, hardware elements, or program modules. Generally, such modulesinclude routines, programs, objects, elements, components, datastructures, and so forth that perform particular tasks or implementparticular abstract data types. The terms “module,” “functionality,” and“component” as used herein generally represent software, firmware,hardware, or a combination thereof. The features of the techniquesdescribed herein are platform-independent, meaning that the techniquesmay be implemented on a variety of commercial computing platforms havinga variety of processors.

An implementation of the described modules and techniques may be storedon or transmitted across some form of computer-readable media. Thecomputer-readable media may include a variety of media that may beaccessed by the computing device 802. By way of example, and notlimitation, computer-readable media may include “computer-readablestorage media” and “computer-readable signal media.”

“Computer-readable storage media” may refer to media and/or devices thatenable persistent storage of information in contrast to mere signaltransmission, carrier waves, or signals per se. Computer-readablestorage media do not include signals per se. The computer-readablestorage media includes hardware such as volatile and non-volatile,removable and non-removable media and/or storage devices implemented ina method or technology suitable for storage of information such ascomputer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, logicelements/circuits, or other data. Examples of computer-readable storagemedia may include, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flashmemory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD)or other optical storage, hard disks, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape,magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or otherstorage device, tangible media, or article of manufacture suitable tostore the desired information and which may be accessed by a computer.

“Computer-readable signal media” may refer to a signal-bearing mediumthat is configured to transmit instructions to the hardware of thecomputing device 802, such as via a network. Signal media typically mayembody computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules,or other data in a modulated data signal, such as carrier waves, datasignals, or other transport mechanism. Signal media also include anyinformation delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means asignal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed insuch a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example,and not limitation, communication media include wired media such as awired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such asacoustic, radio frequency (RF), infrared, and other wireless media.

As previously described, hardware elements 810 and computer-readablemedia 806 are representative of instructions, modules, programmabledevice logic and/or fixed device logic implemented in a hardware formthat may be employed in some implementations to implement at least someaspects of the techniques described herein. Hardware elements mayinclude components of an integrated circuit or on-chip system, anapplication-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmablegate array (FPGA), a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), and otherimplementations in silicon or other hardware devices. In this context, ahardware element may operate as a processing device that performsprogram tasks defined by instructions, modules, and/or logic embodied bythe hardware element as well as a hardware device utilized to storeinstructions for execution, e.g., the computer-readable storage mediadescribed previously.

Combinations of the foregoing may also be employed to implement varioustechniques and modules described herein. Accordingly, software,hardware, or program modules and other program modules may beimplemented as one or more instructions and/or logic embodied on someform of computer-readable storage media and/or by one or more hardwareelements 810. The computing device 802 may be configured to implementparticular instructions and/or functions corresponding to the softwareand/or hardware modules. Accordingly, implementation of modules that areexecutable by the computing device 802 as software may be achieved atleast partially in hardware, e.g., through use of computer-readablestorage media and/or hardware elements 810 of the processing system. Theinstructions and/or functions may be executable/operable by one or morearticles of manufacture (for example, one or more computing devices 802and/or processing systems 804) to implement techniques, modules, andexamples described herein.

As further illustrated in FIG. 8, the example system 800 enablesubiquitous environments for a seamless user experience when runningapplications on a personal computer (PC), a television device, and/or amobile device. Services and applications run substantially similar inall three environments for a common user experience when transitioningfrom one device to the next while utilizing an application, playing avideo game, watching a video, and so on.

In the example system 800, multiple devices are interconnected through acentral computing device. The central computing device may be local tothe multiple devices or may be located remotely from the multipledevices. In one implementation, the central computing device may be acloud of one or more server computers that are connected to the multipledevices through a network, the Internet, or other data communicationlink.

In one implementation, this interconnection architecture enablesfunctionality to be delivered across multiple devices to provide acommon and seamless experience to a user of the multiple devices. Eachof the multiple devices may have different physical requirements andcapabilities, and the central computing device uses a platform to enablethe delivery of an experience to the device that is both tailored to thedevice and yet common to all devices. In one implementation, a class oftarget devices is created and experiences are tailored to the genericclass of devices. A class of devices may be defined by physicalfeatures, types of usage, or other common characteristics of thedevices.

In various implementations, the computing device 802 may assume avariety of different configurations, such as for computer 814, mobile816, and television 818 uses. Each of these configurations includesdevices that may have generally different constructs and capabilities,and thus the computing device 802 may be configured according to one ormore of the different device classes. For instance, the computing device802 may be implemented as the computer 814 class of a device thatincludes a personal computer, desktop computer, a multi-screen computer,laptop computer, netbook, and so on.

The computing device 802 may also be implemented as the mobile 816 classof device that includes mobile devices, such as a mobile phone, portablemusic player, portable gaming device, a tablet computer, a multi-screencomputer, and so on. The computing device 802 may also be implemented asthe television 818 class of device that includes devices having orconnected to generally larger screens in casual viewing environments.These devices include televisions, set-top boxes, gaming consoles, andso on.

The techniques described herein may be supported by these variousconfigurations of the computing device 802 and are not limited to thespecific examples of the techniques described herein. For example,functionalities discussed with reference to the number manager 128and/or the number manager 128 may be implemented all or in part throughuse of a distributed system, such as over a “cloud” 820 via a platform822 as described below.

The cloud 820 includes and/or is representative of a platform 822 forresources 824. The platform 822 abstracts underlying functionality ofhardware (e.g., servers) and software resources of the cloud 820. Theresources 824 may include applications and/or data that can be utilizedwhile computer processing is executed on servers that are remote fromthe computing device 802. Resources 824 can also include servicesprovided over the Internet and/or through a subscriber network, such asa cellular or Wi-Fi network.

The platform 822 may abstract resources and functions to connect thecomputing device 802 with other computing devices. The platform 822 mayalso serve to abstract scaling of resources to provide a correspondinglevel of scale to encountered demand for the resources 824 that areimplemented via the platform 822. Accordingly, in an interconnecteddevice implementation, implementation of functionality described hereinmay be distributed throughout the system 800. For example, thefunctionality may be implemented in part on the computing device 802 aswell as via the platform 822 that abstracts the functionality of thecloud 820.

Discussed herein are a number of methods that may be implemented toperform techniques discussed herein. Aspects of the methods may beimplemented in hardware, firmware, or software, or a combinationthereof. The methods are shown as a set of steps that specify operationsperformed by one or more devices and are not necessarily limited to theorders shown for performing the operations by the respective blocks.Further, an operation shown with respect to a particular method may becombined and/or interchanged with an operation of a different method inaccordance with one or more implementations. Aspects of the methods canbe implemented via interaction between various entities discussed abovewith reference to the environment 100.

In the discussions herein, various different implementations aredescribed. It is to be appreciated and understood that eachimplementation described herein can be used on its own or in connectionwith one or more other implementations described herein. Further aspectsof the techniques discussed herein relate to one or more of thefollowing implementations.

A system for connecting a call between a client device and a PublicSwitched Telephone Network (PSTN) device, the system including: at leastone processor; and one or more computer-readable storage media includinginstructions stored thereon that, responsive to execution by the atleast one processor, cause the system perform operations including:receiving a request to connect a call from a client device to a PublicSwitched Telephone Network (PSTN) device; determining whether a currentlocation of the client device is a permitted location for using ageographic number assigned to the client device; and performing anaction based on said determining, the action including one of: causingthe call to be connected between the PSTN device and the client deviceusing the geographic number based on a determination that the currentlocation of the client device is a permitted location for using thegeographic number; or causing the call to be connected between the PSTNdevice and the client device using an alternate number and thegeographic number based on a determination that the current location ofthe client device is not a permitted location for using the geographicnumber.

In addition to any of the above systems, any one or combination of:wherein the request includes an Internet Protocol (IP) communicationthat includes one or more of an identifier of the client device or thelocation of the client device; wherein the alternate number includes anon-geographic number; wherein said determining includes querying a callpolicy that specifies one or more geographic locations where thegeographic number is permitted to be used; wherein said determiningincludes querying a call policy that specifies one or more geographiclocations where the geographic number is permitted to be used, andwherein the call policy is based at least in part on a regulatory policythat applies for one or more portions of the geographic number; whereinsaid determining includes: communicating a query that includes thelocation of the client device to a remote service; and receiving a queryresponse indicating whether the current location is a permitted locationfor using the geographic number; wherein said determining includesdetermining that the current location of the client device is apermitted location for using the geographic number, and the actionincludes causing the call to be connected between the PSTN device andthe client device using the geographic number including: routing callmedia from the client device to a PSTN network using the geographicnumber; and receiving call media from the PSTN device routed using thegeographic number; wherein said determining includes determining thatthe current location of the client device is a permitted location forusing the geographic number, and the action includes causing the call tobe connected between the PSTN device and the client device using thegeographic number including: routing call media from the client deviceto a PSTN network using the geographic number; receiving call media fromthe PSTN device routed using the geographic number; and forwarding thecall media received from the PSTN device to the client device via anInternet Protocol (IP) communication; wherein said determining includesdetermining that the current location of the client device is not apermitted location for using the geographic number, and the actionincludes causing the call to be connected between the PSTN device andthe client device using the alternate number and the geographic numberincluding: routing call media from the client device to a PSTN networkusing the alternate number; and receiving call media from the PSTNdevice routed using the alternate number; wherein said determiningincludes determining that the current location of the client device isnot a permitted location for using the geographic number, and the actionincludes causing the call to be connected between the PSTN device andthe client device using the alternate number and the geographic numberincluding: routing call media from the client device to a PSTN networkusing the alternate number; receiving call media from the PSTN devicerouted using the alternate number; and forwarding the call mediareceived from the PSTN device to the client device via an InternetProtocol (IP) communication.

A computer-implemented method for connecting a call between a clientdevice and a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) device, the methodincluding: receiving a call request from a non-geographic number toconnect a client device to a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)device; mapping the non-geographic number to a geographic numberassociated with the client device; and connecting the call to the PSTNdevice as originating from the geographic number.

In addition to any of the above described methods, any one orcombination of: wherein said mapping includes querying a database toidentify a user profile that includes the non-geographic number and thegeographic number; wherein said mapping includes: ascertaining that thenon-geographic number is associated with an account for a remotecommunication service; communicating a query that identifies the accountto the communication service; and receiving the geographic number fromthe communication service; wherein the call request is received from acommunication service, and wherein the method further includes:receiving call media from the communication service addressed using thenon-geographic number; and forwarding the call media to the PSTN deviceas originating from the geographic number; wherein the call request isreceived from a communication service, and wherein the method furtherincludes: receiving call media from the PSTN device addressed to thegeographic number; and forwarding the call media to the communicationservice addressed using the non-geographic number.

A computer-implemented method for connecting a call between a clientdevice and a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) device, the methodincluding: receiving a call request from a PSTN device to connect a callto a device with a geographic phone number; mapping the geographic phonenumber to a user account that includes the geographic phone number and anon-geographic phone number; ascertaining that a client device for theuser account is located in a geographic location in which the geographicphone number is not permitted to be used; and connecting the call to theclient device using the non-geographic number and to the PSTN deviceusing the geographic number.

In addition to any of the above described methods, any one orcombination of: wherein said mapping includes: ascertaining that theuser account is associated with a communication service; querying thecommunication service with the geographic number; and receiving thenon-geographic number from the communication service; wherein saidascertaining is based on a call policy that identifies one or moregeographic locations in which the geographic phone number is permittedto be used; wherein the user account is associated with a communicationservice, and wherein said connecting includes communicating the callrequest to the communication service using the non-geographic number;wherein the user account is associated with a communication service, andwherein the method further includes: receiving call media from the PSTNdevice addressed to the geographic number; and forwarding the call mediato the communication service addressed using the non-geographic number.

Techniques for connectivity using a geographic phone number aredescribed. Although implementations are described in language specificto structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to beunderstood that the implementations defined in the appended claims arenot necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described.Rather, the specific features and acts are disclosed as example forms ofimplementing the claimed implementations.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system to establish a call between a firstdevice and a second device using two networks, comprising: a firstnetwork configured to communicate via a non-geographic identifier of thefirst device; a second network configured to communicate via ageographic identifier of the first device, the second network comprisinga switch configured to perform operations comprising: receiving arequest to connect the call from the first device to the second deviceusing the non-geographic identifier, searching a data store to identifya mapping for the non-geographic identifier, identifying the geographicidentifier of the first device based on the identified mapping, andestablishing the call between the first and second devices using theidentified geographic identifier.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein thenon-geographic identifier comprises a non-geographic phone number. 3.The system of claim 1, wherein the second network is a public switchedtelephone network (PSTN).
 4. The system of claim 3, wherein theestablishing of the call comprises causing the PSTN to dial thegeographic number at the PSTN.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein thenon-geographic identifier of the first device is an Internet Protocol(IP) address.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the first network isconfigured to determine a location of a first device, determine thegeographic identifier is not compatible with the determined location,and wherein the communication via the non-geographic identifier of thefirst device is in response to the determination.
 7. The system of claim6, wherein the first network is further configured to route call datafrom the second device to the first device via the non-geographicidentifier.
 8. A method to establish a call between a first device and asecond device using two networks, comprising: communicating call datafor the call over a first network via a non-geographic identifier of thefirst device; receiving, by a second network, a request to connect thecall from the first device to the second device using the non-geographicidentifier, searching, by the second network, a data store to identify amapping for the non-geographic identifier, identifying, by the secondnetwork, the geographic identifier of the first device based on theidentified mapping, and establishing, by the second network, the callbetween the first and second devices using the identified geographicidentifier.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the non-geographicidentifier comprises a non-geographic phone number.
 10. The method ofclaim 8, wherein the second network is a public switched telephonenetwork (PSTN).
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the establishing ofthe call comprises causing the PSTN to dial the geographic number at thePSTN.
 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the non-geographic identifierof the first device is an Internet Protocol (IP) address.
 13. The methodof claim 8, wherein the first network is configured to determine alocation of a first device, determine the geographic identifier is notcompatible with the determined location, and wherein the communicationvia the non-geographic identifier of the first device is in response tothe determination.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first networkis further configured to route call data from the second device to thefirst device via the non-geographic identifier.
 15. A computer readablestorage device storing instructions that when executed configurehardware processing circuitry to perform operations to establish a callbetween a first device and a second device using two networks, theoperations comprising: communicating call data for the call over a firstnetwork via a non-geographic identifier of the first device; receiving,by a second network, a request to connect the call from the first deviceto the second device using the non-geographic identifier, searching, bythe second network, a data store to identify a mapping for thenon-geographic identifier, identifying, by the second network, thegeographic identifier of the first device based on the identifiedmapping, and establishing, by the second network, the call between thefirst and second devices using the identified geographic identifier. 16.The computer readable storage device of claim 15, wherein thenon-geographic identifier comprises a non-geographic phone number. 17.The computer readable storage device of claim 15, wherein the secondnetwork is a public switched telephone network (PSTN).
 18. The computerreadable storage device of claim 17, wherein the establishing of thecall comprises causing the PSTN to dial the geographic number at thePSTN.
 19. The computer readable storage device of claim 15, wherein thenon-geographic identifier of the first device is an Internet Protocol(IP) address.
 20. The computer readable storage device of claim 15,wherein the first network is configured to determine a location of afirst device, determine the geographic identifier is not compatible withthe determined location, and wherein the communication via thenon-geographic identifier of the first device is in response to thedetermination.